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疟疾的威胁           ★★★ 【字体：小 大】
疟疾的威胁
作者：佚名    文章来源：本站原创    点击数：    更新时间：2007-4-26    
FearedsincethedaysoftheRomanEmpire,malariaremaiamajorhealthproblem.Thehumblemosquitomaybetiny,butitcarriessomeoftheworstdiseasesintheworldandkillsmorepeoplethananyotheranimal.Oneofthosediseasesismalaria,aninfectioncausedbyaparasitethatiscarriedfrompersontopersonbythebitesoffemalemosquitoes.Symptomsincludefever,shivering,vomitinganditalsoleadstoanaemia.Ifleftuntreateditcancausecomaanddeath.Thescaleoftheproblemishuge-over40oftheworld’spopulationlivesinareasaffectedbymalariaandamillionpeopleayeardiefromitseffects,mostlychildrenunderfiveyearsofageandpregnantwomen.Itistheworld'sleadingcauseofchildhoodmortality.AlongwithtuberculosisandHIV/AIDS,malariaisoneoftheWorldHealthOrganization’s‘priority’diseasesandit’snotdifficulttounderstandwhy.About90percentofacutemalariainfectiooccurinsub-SaharanAfrica,andtheWorldBankreportsthatmalariacoststhecontinentmorethanUS$12billionyearlyinhealthcareexpendituresandlostproductivity,afigureroughlyequivalenttoalloftheaidprovidedtothecontinenteachyear.SomesaythatthisputsmuchofthedebateabouthelpingAfricatoproerthroughaidandtradeintostarkperective–simplystoingmalariawouldbeanenormousboost.

Treatmentandprevention

Formanyyears,chloroquinehadbeenthetreatmentofchoiceformalaria,althoughresistanceofthemalaria-causingparasitetothismedicinehasmadeitlargelyuseletodayThereisarangeofotherdrugsavailablefortreatmentaswellaspreventionofinfectionandtheiruseisdecidedbythelevelofresistanceinthecountrywheretheyaretobeused.Deitethis,accetomedicinesandthecostoftreatmentremaiabarrierforpeoplelivinginmalaria-affectedregio.Preventionofmalariainendemicareasisfocusedontheuseofpreventativemedicinesforpregnantwomenand,increasingly,youngchildren.Othermethodsincludemosquitocontrolusingiecticidesandlarvicidesandthepreventionofbitesbytheuseofmosquitonetsimpregnatedwithiecticide.

Developingnewmedicinesthroughpartnership

GlaxoSmithKline’scommitmenttotacklingdiseasesofthedevelopingworldinvolvesarangeofpartnershiwithothercommittedorganisatio.GSKhasseveralprojectsunderwayatitslaboratoriesinTresCantos,ain,withtheaimofdevelopingproductsthattreatresistantstraiofthemalariaparasite.TheMedicinesforMalariaVenture(MMV)isanon-profitorganisationcreatedtodiscover,developanddelivernewandaffordabletreatmentsformalaria.GSKsuortstheMMVwithresearcheffortsaimedatidentifyingnewmedicinesatTresCantos.Lapdapisacombinationtherapyoftwowellestablishedantimalarialmedicinesandwaslaunchedin2003asanewtreatmentformalariainsub-SaharanAfrica.LapdapwasthefirstantimalarialdeliveredbyGSKaspartofapublic-privatepartnershipinvolvingorganisatiosuchastheUniversityofLiverpool,theLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,UNICEFandWHO.GSKisalsoinvestigatingtheuseofLapdapincombinationwithanextractofthesweetwormwoodplant(Artemisiaaua),aneffectivenaturalantimalarial.Ifsucceful,thiscombination,knownasCDA,willhelptowardsWHO’sRollBackMalariacampaignofhalvingtheburdenofmalariaby2010.Aswithmanyinfectiousdiseases,theultimategoalistodevelopavaccinethatwillprotectlargenumbersofpeopleagaitinfection.TheMalariaVaccineInitiative,ateambackedbytheBill
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