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流感：即将流行           ★★★ 【字体：小 大】
流感：即将流行
作者：WorldHea…    文章来源：WorldHealthOrganization’swebsite
    点击数：    更新时间：2007-4-26    
Asbirdflucontinuestomakeheadlinesacrotheworld,GlaxoSmithKlineisgettingreadyforapoibleflupandemic.Mostpeopleknowthesymptomsalltoowell-thefever,achingmuscles,ruynose,sorethroat,headacheandfeelingofextremetiredne.Theseareclearsigofseasonalinfluenza,aconditionthatlastsuptotwoweeksandhitsthenorthernhemihereeverywinter.Infact,mostofusself-diagnosefluincorrectlywhenwesufferfromnothingmorethanthecommoncoldthatlastsnomorethantwoorthreedays.Seasonalfluisamuchmoreseriousconditionthanthecommoncoldandcanbeakillerofpeoplewhoaresusceptibleorweakenedbyotherillneesoroldage.IntheUKalone,theseasonalfluoutbreakof1999-2000killedalmost20,000people.Eachyearvaccinemanufacturerscreateavaccinethatheltoprotectagaitthemostlikelystraiofseasonalfluandthisisusuallygiventopeopleatriskaboutamonthbeforetheaualfluseasonstarts.Formany,thistakesawaytheworryofcatchingseasonalflu,butwhathasmadetheheadlinesforthelastfewmonthsisaverydifferenttypeofflu.

Birdflu

Alsoknownasavianflu,thisisastrainoffluthataffectsmigratingfowlanddomesticbirds.ThestrainthatiscurrentlyinthenewsiscalledH5N1andwasfirstdiscoveredinHongKongin1997.Itisnowthoughtthatupto200millionbirds,mainlyinsouth-eastAsia,couldbeinfectedwiththisdeadlystrainofthevirus.SincethediscoveryofH5N1insouth-eastAsia,thevirushasreadwestwithcasesreportedinbirdsinatleasthalfoftheEuropeanUnion'scountriesincludingFrance,Germany,Italy,GreeceandtheUK.Themainconcernisthatmigratingbirdswillreadthisformofflutotherestoftheworldandcreateconditiothatmakeiteasyforthevirustopatohuma.It’sreauringtoknowthatthereisnoevidencethatbirdflucanbecaughtfromeatingwell-cookedbirdmeatoreggs.Themainrisktohumaisamongstthosewhocarefororlivewithpoultryorthoseinvolvedintheslaughter,defeathering,butchering,andpreparationofpoultryforcooking.By1March2007,casesofH5N1birdfluinhumawerereportedinAzerbaijan,Cambodia,China,Djibouti,Egypt,Indonesia,Iraq,Laos,Nigeria,Thailand,TurkeyandVietnam-277people,mainlyinsouth-eastAsia,havecaughtbirdfluand167havedied.

Apoibleflupandemic?

Thefactthatbirdfluhasalreadytraferredtohumaisofgreatconcerntoscientistsbecauseitisanewstrainoffluagaitwhichwehavenoimmunity.SofaritseemsthatbirdfludoesnoteasilypatohumabutthegreatestriskwouldbeiftheH5N1birdfluviruscouldbepaedfromhumantohuman,aconditionthatwouldcreateapandemicinfectingupto25oftheworld’spopulation.Thiscouldhaenifthevirusmutatedorcombinedwithastrainoffluthatalreadypaesbetweenhumathroughcoughingandeezing.Althoughtheseconditiohavenotyetbeenmet,thereremaiagreatconcernaboutthepoiblereadofbirdflutohuma,eeciallywhenwerememberthatapreviouspandemicofbirdfluin1918killed40millionpeopleworldwide.

Preparingforpandemic

ThemostimmediateactionagaitbirdfluhasbeenthecullingandvaccinationofmillioofbirdsandchangestofarmingpracticesinAsiatostopthereadofthediseasebetweenbirdsandtoreducetheriskofitstramiiontohuma.Ifaflupandemicbreaksout,treatmentmayincludevaccinationofthepopulationtopreventpeoplefromcatchingflu.Inthiscase,theWorldHealthOrganizationwouldalertgovernmentsonhowtotackletheoutbreak.Thisiswhygovernmentsareplaingtostockpileecificvaccinesoncethestrainoffluthatwillcauseapandemichasbeenidentified.Tomeetthisdemand,pharmaceuticalcompaniessuchasGSKareplaingtoincreasetheproductionofsuitablefluvaccinesandantiviralmedicinesandgovernmentsareplaingforthelogisticandeconomicimpactofapandemic.TheUSgovernmenthasestimatedthataflupandemiccouldkillupto2millionAmericaandcostthecountryover$500billion.GSKisplaingforapotentialflupandemicbyinvestinginthedevelopmentoftwovaccinesfortheH5N1strainoffluandtheincreasedproductionofRelenzathroughitsownmanufacturingfacilitiesandthroughpartnershiwithothercompanies.GSKisinvestingheavilyinincreasingcapacitytohelpgovernmentsandotherorganisatiotoprepareforaglobalinfluenzapandemic.Thatincludesinvesting$2billiontoconductresearchandexpandproductioncapacityforbothRelenzaandapandemicvaccine.ThecompanyhasaddedseveralmanufacturinglinestomeetcurrentdemandforRelenza,andasaresult,hasalreadysuliedsignificantquantitiesofRelenzatomeetstockpileorders,withsufficientcapacitytofulfilladditionalordersforantiviralstockpileandseasonalflu.GSK’stwoH5N1fluvaccineswentintoclinicaltrialsinGermanyinMarch2006andwillhelpthecompanytodevelopavaccineagaitapandemic-causingflustrainmorequickly.PreliminaryresultsfromtheseclinicaltrialswerereleasedinJuly2006.

Whatyoucando

Thereareseveralthingsthatyoucandotoreducetheriskofcatchingseasonal(andotherformsof)flu:
  • Askyourdoctoraboutafluvaccineifyouareatrisk:theelderly,asthmaticsandinfantsaremostatrisk
  • Stayhealthy–agooddiet,plentyofexerciseandahealthylifestylewillhelpthebodytoavoidandfightinfection
  • Avoidcrowdsduringthefluseason–ifyoucaot,washyourhandsfrequentlyandavoidtouchingyoureyesandnoseasthiswillreducethechancesofafluvirusinfectingyou
  • IfyoutraveltoareasinfectedbyH5N1birdflu,avoidliveanimalmarkets,poultryfarmsandanyfree-rangingorcagedpoultry
    • 来源：WorldHealthOrganization’sweite
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